The+United+States+Civil+War

Introduction:
The issues and consequences of the U.S. Civil War are an integral part of American history. This collection explores the events leading to the war, the war itself and its important battles, and Reconstruction. Biographies of President Lincoln and other key figures such as Generals Grant and Lee add dimension to the objectives and strategies of the conflict. Fiction and video provide a comprehensive and visual representation of the experiences of both key figures and the common man.

Questions for Inquiry:
What were the major causes of the U.S. Civil War? What was President Lincoln's role as commander-in-chief? How important were issues regarding slavery in fueling the war? What were the experiences of the common soldier in both the Union and Confederate armies? How would the United States be different if the South had won the war? Which battle or battles were turning points of the war? Why did the war last five years? How did the effects of the war impact the economy and the financial status of citizens? What key policies and important events occurred during the period of Reconstruction?

Keywords:
U.S. Civil War, Emancipation Proclamation, Union Army (regiments), Confederate Army (regiments), Confederacy, Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, Jefferson Davis, Abolitionists, Underground Railroad, American slavery, Antietam, Gettysburg, Bull Run, U.S. Reconstruction, Southern plantation economy, Appomattox, Vicksburg, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, William Tecumseh Sherman, Stonewall Jackson, Harpers Ferry, George B. McClellan, U.S. Constitution--13th, 14th and 15th amendments, Frederick Douglass

Subject Headings:
//United States History--Civil War,1861- 1865//, ... : causes; battlefields; campaigns--Antietam, Bull Run, Gettysburg, etc.; destruction and pillage; Civil War battles; Sherman's March; anti-slavery movements; slavery in U.S. history; economic aspects--southern states history; regimental histories; prisoners and prisons; health aspect; medical care; economic aspects; finance; social aspects; personal narratives; law and legislation; songs and music; women; U.S. foreign relations;Confederate States of America; Reconstruction (or) United States History, 1865-1877

//B//, individual biography and //920//, collective biography; //F//, fiction—novels & short stories; //305// and //306//, slavery in the U.S. and social conditions of African Americans; //811.008//, Civil War poetry; //973//, United States history, //973.7// and //973.8//; //975//, history of individual states

Key Books:
//Abraham Lincoln: The War Years// (2 vols.), Carl Sandburg, Harcourt, Brace & Co., NY, 1939. //Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years// (1 vol. abridged ed.), Carl Sandburg, Harcourt, Brace & Co., NY, 1926 //The Civil War: A Narrative// (3 vols.), Shelby Foote, Vintage Books, 1958 //Reference: Encyclopedia of the Confederacy// (4 vols.), Simon & Schuster, 1983; //UXL’s Civil War Reference// (4 vols.-- biography, almanac, primary sources), Gale Group, 2000
 * //Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era//, James M. McPherson
 * //Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln//, Doris Kearns Goodwin,

Reference:
//American Albums from the Collections of the Library of Congress//, six sourcebooks on the Civil War: 1) //Prelude to War//, 2) //The First Battles//, 3) //1863: The// //Crucial Year//, 4) //The Road to// //Appomattox//, 5) //Behind the Lines//, 6) //One Nation Again//, Millbrook Press, 1993. //The American Civil War: A Multicultural Encyclopedia// (7 vols.), The Civil War Society, Grolier Educational Corp., 1994 //American Eras: Civil War and Reconstruction, 1850-1877//, Thomas J. Brown, Gale Research, 1997 //Battle// //Chronicles of the Civil War// (6 vols.), Macmillan, 1989. //The Civil War// (18 vols.) Spies, Scouts and Raiders: Irregular Operations, Time-Life Books, 1985. //The Civil War and Reconstruction: A Student Companion//, William L. Barney, Oxford Univ. Press, 2001. //Civil War Journal: The Leaders//, Rutledge Hill Press, 1997 //Historical Times Illustrated: Encyclopedia of the Civil War// (single vol.), Harper & Row, 1986 //The// //Lincoln// //Encyclopedia: The Spoken and Written Words of A. Lincoln Arranged for Ready Reference//, Macmillan, 1950 //The Atlas of the Civil War//, Macmillan, 1994 //West Point// //Atlas for the American Civil War//, Avery Publishing Group Inc. 1986
 * Atlases**

//__Biography__//
//Abraham Lincoln//, Thomas Keneally, Penguin Group, NY, 2003 //Abraham Lincoln: The War Years// (2 vols.), Carl Sandburg, Harcourt, Brace & Co., NY, 1939. //Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years// (1 vol. abridged ed.), Carl Sandburg, Harcourt, Brace & Co., NY, 1926 //Andrew Johnson Rebuilding the Union//, Cathy East Dubowski, Silver Burdett Press, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1991 //Clara Barton: Civil War Nurse//, Nancy Whitelaw, Enslow Publishers, Inc., Springfield, NJ, 1997 //Frederick Douglass//, Helaine Becker, Blackbirch Press, Inc., Woodbridge, CT, 2001 //A Free Black Girl Before the Civil War: The Diary of Charlotte Forten// (autobiography), 1854, Capstone Press, Mankato, MN, 2000 //Grant//, Jean Edward Smith, Simon & Schuster, NY, 2001 //Grant and Sherman: The Friendship That Won the Civil War//, Charles Bracelen Flood, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, NY, 2005 //Harriet Beecher Stowe: Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin//, LeeAnne Gelletly, Chelsea House Publishers, Philadelphia, 2001 //Harriet Tubman: Leader of the Underground Railroad//, Norma Jean Lutz, Chelsea House Publishers, Philadelphia, 2001 //Herndon’s Life of Lincoln//, William H. Herndon and Jess W. Weik, Da Capo Press, NY, 1983 //Heroines of// //Dixie//, Katharine M. Jones, Smithmark Publishers, NY, 1995 //Jefferson Davis//, //American//, William J. Cooper, Jr., Alfred A. Knopf, NY, 2000 //Mary Todd Lincoln: Tragic First Lady of the Civil War//, Mary E. Hull, Enslow Publishers, Inc., Berkeley Heights, NJ, 2000 //Robert E. Lee//, Roy Blount, Jr., Penguin Group, NY, 2003 //Stonewall Jackson: The Man, the Soldier, the Legend//, James I. Robertson, Jr., Macmillan, 1997 //A Southern Woman’s Story: Phoebe Yates Pember// (autobiography), Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, 2002 //William Henry Seward:// //Lincoln////’s Right Hand//, John M. Taylor, Harper Collins, NY,1991 //A Year in the South: Four Lives in 1865//, Stephen V. Ash, Palgrave Macmillan, NY

//Apostles of Disunion: Southern Secession Commissioners and the Causes of the Civil War,// Charles B. Dew, Univ. Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, 2001 //The Causes of the Civil War//, Kenneth M. Stampp (ed.), Simon & Schuster, NY, 1991 //Days of// //Defiance////:// //Sumter////, Secession, and the Coming of the Civil War//, Maury Klein, Alfred A. Knopf, NY, 1997 //Half Slave and Half Free: The Roots of Civil War//, Bruce Levine, Hill and Wang, NY, 1992 //Why the Civil War Came//, Gabor W. Boritt (ed.), Oxford Univ. Press, NY, 1996 //Why Fight? The Causes of the American Civil War//, Corinne J. Naden & Rose Blue, Steck-Vaughn Company, Austin, TX, 2000
 * //__Causes of the War__//**

//Beyond the River: The Untold Story of the Heroes of the Underground Railroad//, Ann Hagedorn, Simon & Schuster, NY, 2002 //Break Those Chains at Last: African Americans 1860-1880//, Noralee Frankel, Oxford Univ. Press, NY, 1996 //Emancipating Slaves, Enslaving Free Men: A History of the American Civil War//, Jeffrey Rogers Hummel, Open Court, Chicago, 1996 //The Emancipation Proclamation: Abolishing Slavery in the South//, James Tackach, San Diego, CA, 1999 //Forever Free: The Story of Emancipation and Reconstruction//, Alfred A. Knopf, NY, 2005 //Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation: The End Slavery in America//, Allen C. Guelzo, Simon & Schuster, 2004 //Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America//, Ira Berlin, Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA, 1998 //A Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the// //Plantation// //South//, Thomson Gale, Detroit, MI, 2005 //Pro-Slavery Thought in the Old South//, William Sumner Jenkins, Peter Smith, Gloucester, MA, 1960
 * //__Slavery, Social Conditions of African Americans, the__// //__Southern Plantation__////__, Emancipation__//**

//American Heritage: History of the// //Battle// //of Gettsburg//, Craig L. Symonds, HarperCollins, NY, 2001 //Battles & Leaders of the Civil War// (Vol. 5), Peter Cozzens, Univ. of Ill. Press, Urbana, 2002 //Chancellorsville//, Stephen W. Sears, Hougton Mifflin Co., Boston, 1996 //The Civil War: A Narrative//, Shelby Foote (3 vols.): //Fort Sumter to Perryville// (Vol. 1), //Fredericksburg to Meridian// (Vol.2), //Red River to Appomattox// (Vol. 3), First Vintage Books, 1986, NY //Civil War Soldiers//, Reid Mitchell, Penguin Group, NY, 1988 //Crossroads of Freedom:// //Antietam//, James M. McPherson, Oxford Univ. Press, 2002 //Gettysburg//, Hugh Bicheno, Cassell & Co., London, 2001 //Gettysburg//, Stephen W. Sears, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 2003 //How the North Won: A Military History of the Civil War//, Herman Hattaway and Archer Jones, Univ. of Ill. Press, Urbana, 1991 //Smithsonian’s Great Battles & Battlefields of the Civil War//, Jay Wertz and Edwin C. Bearss, William Morrow & Co., NY, 1997 //A Southern Boy in Blue: The Memoir of Marcus Woodcock, 9th Kentucky Infantry (U.S.A.),// Kenneth W. Noe (ed.), Univ. of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, 1996 //Vicksburg////: 47 Days of Siege//, A.A. Hoehling, Fairfax Press, NY, 1991
 * //__Campaigns and Battles, the Army and Navy, Civil War Soldiers__//**
 * The //Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era//, James M. McPherson, Oxford Univ. Press, 1988

//American Reconstruction, 1865-1870//, Georges Clemenceau, Da Capo Press, New York, 1969 //Black Voices from Reconstruction, 1865-1867//, John David Smith, Univ. Press of Florida, 1997, Gainesville //The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877//, Kenneth M. Stampp, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1966 //Historical Dictionary of Reconstruction//, Hans L. Trefousse, Greenwood Press, Westport, Conn., 1991 //The Politics of Reconstruction, 1863-1867//, David Donald, Greenwood Press, Westport, Conn. 1965 //Reconstruction//, Claudine L. Ferrell, Greenwood Press, Westport, Conn. 2003 //Reconstruction: After the Civil War//, John Hope Franklin, Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1961 //The Reconstruction Era: Primary Documents on Events from 1865 to 1877//, Donna L. Dickerson, Greenwood Press, Westport, Conn. 2003 //Reconstruction Following the Civil War in American History//, Marsha Ziff, Enslow Publishers, Berkeley Heights, NJ, 1999 //Ordeal by Fire: The Civil War and Reconstruction//, James M. McPherson, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1982 //Rehearsal for Reconstruction: The Port Royal Experiment//, Willie Lee Rose, Bobbs-Merril Co., Inc., Indianapolis, 1964
 * //__Reconstruction__//**

//Assassin//, Anna Myers. New York: Walker & Co., 2005. //Canaan’s Tongue//, John Wray. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005. //Chariots in the Smoke//, Gilbert Morris. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Pub., 1997. //Cold// //Mountain//, Charles Frazier. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1997. //Fort// //Pillow//, Harry Turtledove. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2006. //Gods and Generals: A Novel of the Civil War//, Jeff Shaara. New York: Ballantine, 1996. //*Gone with the Wind//, Margaret Mitchell. New York: Scribner, 1964. //Guerilla Season//, Pat Hughes. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 2003. //Hillcountry Warriors//, Johnny Neil Smith. Santa Fe: Sunstone Press, 1996. //Paradise// //Alley//, Kevin Baker. New York: HarperCollins, 2003. //Raising Holy Hell//, Bruce Olds. New York: Henry Holt, 1995. //The Tamarack Tree//, Patricia Clapp. New York: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard, 1986 //The Widow of the South//, Robert Hicks. New York: Warner, 2005. //With// //Every Drop of Blood//, James Lincoln Collier and Christopher Collier. New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell, 1994.
 * Fiction:**
 * //Uncle Tom’s Cabin,// Harriet Beecher Stowe. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1952.

• Print:
 * Magazine Articles:**

• Online:
“Victory at Bull’s Run—Sumter Avenged,” July 22, 1861, p.4 “The Battle of Shiloh,” August 18, 1862, p.3 “Battle of Antietam Creek,” Sept. 20, 1862, p.1 “From Washington: General Grant Assigned as Commander-in-Chief,” March 15, 1864, p.1 “Views of Lieut.-Gen. Grant,” Sept. 9, 1864, p.4 “Anecdotes of Grant,” May 23, 1885, p. 3 “The Rebel Gen. Lee,” August 6, 1861, p.3 “The Chivalry of the Rebel Gen. Lee,” May 23, 1864, p.4 "A Glimpse of Gen. Lee,” Jan. 15, 1865, p.4 “The Future of the Southern Free Negroes,” March 23, 1862, p.4 “Confiscation and Emancipation,” May 29, 1862, p.2 “Employing Negroes in Our Camps,” July 17, 1862, p.4 “Emancipation and Free Negroes,” Oct. 7, 1862, p.4 “Female Spies in Washington,” August 2, 1861, p. 4 “The Women and the War,” August 3, 1862, p.4 “Nurses for the Army,” Dec. 13, 1863, p.4 “The Female Surgeon,” May 8, 1864, p.3 “Soujourner Truth Dead. Sketch of the Life of a Celebrated Colored Woman,” Nov. 27, 1883 p.2 “President Lincoln Shot by an Assassin. The Deed Done at Ford’s Theatre Last Night,” April 15, 1861, p.1 “Details of the Capture of Booth,” April 28, 1865, p.1 “Trial of the Assassins: The Charges and Specifications of the Prisoners,” May 16 1865, p.1 “The President’s Plan of Reconstruction,” Dec. 11, 1863, p.4 “The Wade--Davis Manifesto,” Aug. 20, 1864, p.2 “President Johnson’s Amnesty Proclamation,” May 30, 1865, p. 1
 * The following articles are all from **//The New York Times//** (archived issues)and are not in our CCD *:
 * //Major Battles//**
 * //Generals Grant & Lee//**
 * //Freeing Slaves//**
 * //Women and the War//**
 * //Lincoln//****//’s Assassination//**
 * //Reconstruction//**

//__The following articles are from **academic journals** not in our CCD:__// //*http://www.oclc.org/databases/alexander/americancivilwardiaries.htm////
 * Berlin, Ira, “Family and Freedom: Black Families in the American Civil War.”//History Today// 37:1 (Jan. 1987): 8.
 * Bogdanos, Matthew F., “Chancellorsville: You Can Lead a Horse to Water…”//Marine Corps Gazette// 81:7 (July 1997): 64.
 * Bower, Stephen E., “The Theology of the Battlefield: William Tecumseh Sherman and the U.S. Civil War.” //The Journal of Military History// 64:4 (Oct. 2000): 1005.
 * Clinton, Catherine, “Southern Women and the Civil War.”//Journal of Women’s History// 8:3 (Fall 1996): 163.
 * Cross, David F., “Crucial Hour at Gettysburg.”//Military History// Special Ed. //America////’s Great Battles, 1775-2002// (2002): 34.
 * Fleming, John E., “Slavery, Civil War and Reconstruction: Black Women in Microcosm.” //Negro History Bulletin// 38:6 (Aug. 1975): 430.
 * Foner, Eric, “Slavery and the Origins of the Civil War.”//Social Education// 62:6 (Oct. 1998): 333.
 * Guelzo, Allen C., “Lincoln and the Abolitionists.” //The Wilson Quarterly// 24:4 (Autumn 2000): 58
 * Kleber, Louis C., “The Dred Scott Decision, 1857.” //History Today// 22:12 (Dec. 1972): 873.
 * Miller, Edward A., Jr., “Garland H. White, Black Army Chaplain.” //Civil War History// 43:3 (Sept. 1997): 201.
 * Rousey, Dennis C., “Friends and Foes of Slavery: Foreigner and Northerners in the Old South.” //Journal of Social History// 35:2 (Winter 2001): 373.
 * Schultz, Jane E., “The Inhospitable Hospital: Gender and Professionalism in Civil War Medicine.” //Signs// 17:2 (Winter 1992): 363.
 * Sutherland, Daniel E., “Sideshow no longer: A Historiographical Review of the Guerrilla War.” //Civil War History// 46: 1 (Mar. 2000): 5.
 * Databases:**
 * American Civil War Letters and Diaries** database “knits together more than 400 sources of diaries, letters, and memoirs, to provide fast access to thousands of views on almost every aspect of the war. This extraordinary electronic collection includes 100,000 pages of re-keyed and indexed text, including 4,000 facsimile pages of previously unpublished manuscript material. Users can see and compare, for the first time, the writings of politicians, generals, slaves, landowners, seamen, and spies. The letters and diaries are by the famous and the unknown, giving both the Northern and the Southern perspectives, along with that of foreign observers.” Sponsored by OCLC and the Alexander Street Press, it is offered by subscription only and aimed at academic and public school audiences.

http://www.civil-war.net/census.asp?census=Total**|*http://www.civil-war.net/census.asp?census=Total
 * The Civil War Home Page** is a privately owned and sponsored database “dedicated to the participants, both North and South, in the great American Civil War.” It “contains thousands of pages of Civil War material including Photos, Images, Battles, Documents, Southern Historical Papers, Troops Furnished, Death Stats, Associations, Letters & Diaries, Census of 1860, Maps, Official Records, Message Board, Dyer's Compendium, Fox's Regimental Losses, Regimental Histories, Genealogy, Biographical Information, Reenacting and Unit Information.”

The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System// (CWSS) contains facts about servicemen who served in both the Union and Confederated Armies during the Civil War. The initial focus of the CWSS is the //Names Index Project//, a project to enter names and other basic information from 6.3 million soldier records in the National Archives. Other information includes: histories of regiments in both the Union and Confederate Armies, links to descriptions of 384 significant battles of the war, and other historical information. The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System (CWSS) is a cooperative effort by the National Park Service (NPS) and several other public and private [|**partners**].
 * http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/info.htm//**//**

//***http://www.archives.gov/research////** The National Archives and Records Administration//, an independent federal agency that preserves valuable records of the U.S. government, has a number of resources on the Civil War. Two searchable areas include: “Teaching with Documents: Lesson Plans” and “Civil War and Reconstruction 1850-1877.” The first area contains reproducible copies of primary documents from the holdings of the National Archives of the United States, teaching activities correlated to academic standards and cross-curricular connections. Topics specific to the latter focus on the following four subjects:
 * [|**Fugitive from Labor Cases: Henry Garnett (1850) and Moses Honner (1860**)****]
 * [|**The Civil War as Photographed by Mathew Brady**]
 * [|**The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War**]
 * [|**Letters, Telegrams, and Photographs Illustrating Factors that Affected the Civil War******]

American Memory: Selected Civil War Photographs (Library of Congress) is an archival resource of photographs. In addition to providing access to the photos, linkage to “The Learning Page” provides ideas for connecting to events in American history, to critical thinking and to other subject areas such as poetry and biography.
 * [|www.memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphtml/cwphome.html]

Web Sites:
This is the official National Park Service Civil War Web Site which provides information on battle sites, monuments and memorials. The Park Service is currently preparing for the Sesquicentennial of the Civil War (2011-2015) around the country. Both teachers and students can access information on Civil War educational activities at various parks in the U.S. under the following topics of “Park Lesson Plans” and “Discovering the Past.”
 * http://cwar.nps.gov/civilwar/civilwar.htm//

[|*http://www.pbs.org/civilwar/|http://www.pbs.org/civilwar/**|*http://www.pbs.org/civilwar**/**] “The Civil War by Ken Burns” is part of the PBS website. It supplements the documentary film about the war by Burns. However, it is a useful site for historic information and ideas for teachers**.**

The American Civil War Homepage is sponsored and maintained by the University of Tennessee’s School of Information Sciences. It is a compendium of links that cover practically every aspect of the war**.**
 * [|//www.sunsite.utk.edu/civil-war/warweb.html//]

The Music of the American Civil War site has a selection of historic songs in different categories—battlefield deaths, emancipation, patriotic, and so on—that can be heard through a computer media player**.**
 * http://www.pdmusic.org/civilwar.html

//__http://www.tulane.edu/~sumter/index.html__
 * “Crisis at Fort Sumter” is an award-winning Tulane University affiliated website. It is an interactive site where the user can place him- or herself in Abraham Lincoln’s place as a decision-maker during the winter and spring of 1860-1861 in regards to events leading to the Civil War. It is important to read the Introduction before participating.**__//

[|http://docsouth.unc.edu**//**] “Documenting the American South,” or DocSouth, is an initiative of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to cull primary resources on Southern history through texts, images and audio files. Information is organized by Library of Congress Subject Headings; therefore searches on the Civil War as categorized as follows: United States—History—Civil War—1861-1865—and then the specific topic next such as “food supply” or “refugees,” and so on.

[|www.cwc.LSU.edu/] The United States Civil War Center, Civil War Collections and the Civil War Book Review site is part of the Special Collections of the Louisiana State University Libraries.Access is available to online exhibitions, images and texts as well as their Index of Civil War Information Available on the Internet. The latter is an A-Z compendium of an inestimable number of linkages.

__Abraham Lincoln: A New Birth of Freedom, Bill Jersey and Judith Leonard, 1999. A 60-minute biography of Lincoln. The Civil War//, a documentary series (9 videos): Produced by Ken Burns and Ric Burns, 1989. The series covers the war from 1861 until 1865, addressing such topics as causes, battles, generals, the Emancipation Proclamation and President Lincoln’s assassination.// Lincoln//, a documentary series (4 videos):// The Making of a President, 1860-1862//;// The Pivotal Year, 1863//;// “I Want to Finish This Job,” //1864;// “Now He Belongs to the Ages,” //1865. Kunhardt Productions, 1992**.**// The Great Campaigns of the Civil War: The 14 Great Battles Between North and South, //2 volumes: “Touring Civil War Battles Fields, 1861-1863 & 1863-1865.” Produced by Questar Video, 1995.// The Divided Union: The Story of the Civil War, 1861-1865//, 5-part documentary series (5 videos): Covers the major battles and events of the war, using primary sources and historical commentary. Home Vision Select, 1987.// John Wilkes Booth: Assassin in the Spotlight, //Kellie Flanagan, 1995. Part of the A&E Biography television series. This video presents the story of Booth’s life.//__ __The Red Badge of Courage, MGM, 1951. This film is based on the novel of the same name by Stephen Crane and directed by John Houston. The main character is a Union soldier who overcomes fear of battle. CDs:**__
 * Documentary Films:**
 * Drama**
 * Gone with the Wind//, David O. Selznick, 1939. Based on the novel of the same name by Margaret Mitchell, this film depicts the war from the perspective of the South.
 * //Glory//, Freddie Fields, 1989. This film is based on the historic account of the first African-American regiment to fight for the North in the Civil War.
 * //Cold Mountain, 2003. Based on the novel of the same name by Charles Frazier, this drama depicts the journey of a wounded Confederate soldier who tries to return home without being captured for desertion**.

Community Resources:
The 14th Brooklyn Company E (14th NY State Militia) [|http://www.14thbrooklyn.info]

General Grant National Monument Riverside Drive and 122nd Street New York, NY 10003 Visitor Information: 212-666-1640 [|www.nps.gov./gegr/]

New York Historical Society 170 Central Park West and 79th Street New York, NY 10024 212-873-3400 [|www.nyhistory.org]

New York State and the Civil War [|http://library.morrisville.edu.local_history]

New York State Military Museum and Veterans Research Center http://www.dmvna.state.ny.us/historic/mil

New York Public Research Libraries__** CATNYP: The Research Libraries Online Catalog [|http://catnyp.nypl.org]

Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture New York Public Library 515 Malcolm X Blvd. New York, NY 10037 212-491-2200 NYPL Digital SCHOMBURG Images of 19th Century African Americans [|http://digital.nypl.org/schomburg/images aa19/main.html]

The Humanities and Social Sciences Library New York Public Library Fifth Avenue and 42nd Street New York, NY 10018 Reference: 212-930-0830 e-mail reference available http://www.nypl.org/research/chss/index.html

Central Library Brooklyn Public Library Grand Army Plaza Brooklyn, NY 11238 Reference: 718-230-2100 The Brooklyn Collection has information on Brooklyn in the Civil War as well as historic photographs land music and The Brooklyn Daily Eagle online (1841-1955). [|www.brooklynpubliclibrary.org]

Fordham University Bronx, New York The following address links the user to selected web-based resources and documents on the the United States Civil War. This is part of Fordham University's larger Internet Modern History Sourcebook. [|www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook27.html]

Curriculum Standards Related to This Topic:
New York State Standards for Social Studies 1, 3, 4 and 5: These standards relate to students' use of a variety of intellectual skills to demonstrate their understanding of various aspects of the history of the United States, its geography, economy and government and also includes the history of New York. New York State Standards for English Language Arts 1, 2, 3 and 4: These standards relate to students' use of reading, writing, listening and speaking skills for gathering and analyzing information for understanding, connecting text and performances to their social, historical and cultural dimensions, and for communication learning effectively with others. Information Literacy Standards for Student Learning 1 through 9: Students demonstrate information literacy skills at the basic, proficient or exemplary levels by selecting from, interacting with, questioning, evaluating, comparing, utilizing, sharing, and effectively communicating about information from a variety of sources and formats.